本课程根据外国学生学习汉语的特点，比较系统地介绍了汉语的主要语法，像词类、句子成分、单句、复句、篇章、表达方法，等等；着重指出了外国学习者学习汉语语法的难点和重点，并通过大量有针对性的练习，帮助学习者去掌握、运用，从而提高学习者的汉语水平。 According to the characteristics of the foreign student learning Chinese, this course systematically introduces the main grammar of Chinese, such as part of speech, sentence constituent, single sentence, complex sentence, discourse, expression method. This course emphatically points out the important and difficult points in the foreign student’s Chinese grammar learning, and through a large number of targeted trainings, the course helps learners to master and use, thus to improve Chinese level of the learner.
课时 6：量词和数量的重叠式 + 数量做状语带“地”问题
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From the course by Peking University
现代汉语核心语法
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From the lesson
第二讲 代词、数词和量词
第二讲主要包括以下语法点：（1）代词的类别和作用；（2）疑问代词的特殊用法；（3）数词的类别；（4）数词的作用；（5）量词的类别及量词、数量的重叠式；（6）数量作状语带“地”问题。
Meet the Instructors
Defeng YangProfessor
School of Chinese as a Second Language
（二）量词和数量的重叠式。 (II) Overlap of quantifiers and quantity
1. 1.
量词的重叠式 除了双音节量词、 货币单位、 Overlap of quantifiers except for quantifiers of double syllables, currency units,
时间单位和不定量词不能重叠以外 大多数的量词啊都可以重叠，那么重叠后表示什么呢？ "每一""每一"的意思。
time units and indefinite quantifiers, which require no overlap, most quantifiers can be overlapped. What do them represent after overlapping? “mei yi” (every one)
比如说，"个" 我们可以说 "个个""条" 可以说 "条条"， "门" 可以说 "门门"。
For example, “ge” can be expressed just like “ge ge”. so do “tiao” and “men”
量词重叠式 多做主语，做定语的时候有很大的限制 （1）我们看做主语的例子。 Overlaps of quantifiers are often used as subjects and greatly limited when it is used as attributes (1) let us take a look at some examples.
第一个例子：家家都有汽车 这个 "家家" Example one: “jia jia” (every family) has cars. What does the “jia jia”
是什么意思？实际上就是 "每家" 的意思 第二个例子：年年都去国外旅游。 mean? “mei jia” (every family) in fact. Example two: foreign travel is realized “nian nian” (every year)
这个 "年年" 它的意思就相当于 "每年" 第二，作定语。 The “nian nian” has the same meaning of “mei nian” (every year). second, used as attribute
看第一个例子：条条大路通罗马。 Example one: “tiao tiao” (every) path leads to Rome.
这个 "条条" 就是 "每条" 的意思。 The “tiao tiao” has the same meaning of “mei tiao”.
但是呢 个个学生都会汉语。 However, “ge ge” (every) student understands Chinese.
这个 "个个" 作定语的时候呢 就不是太好，不是太好，所以呢做主语 The “ge ge” here is not suitable to be used as a attribute. Hence, it is often used
比较多一些，做定语呢有一些限制 2. as a subject. There are limitations when it is used as a attribute 2.
数量重叠式 刚才是量词可以重叠。 Overlap of quantity the above is the overlap of quantifiers
我们说汉语的数词 "一" When the “yi” (one) of Chinese numerals
加上量词啊，也可以有两种重叠的方式，一种是 一AA式，另一种呢是一A一A式。 is added with quantifiers, there are two ways of overlap. One is the form of “yi” AA, the other is the form of “yi” A “yi” A.
比如说：一个 一个我们可以说一个个，一张 可以说一张张。 For example: “yi ge” (one) can be expressed just like “yi ge ge”. So does “yi zhang”.
这是一种重叠，就是一AA式 我们也可以是另外一种重叠方式，就是 This is a kind of overlap, namely, “yi” AA. Another way of overlap can also be used.
一个可以说一个一个，一张可以说一张 一张。 “yi ge” can be expressed just like “yi ge yi ge”. so does “yi zhang”
也就是说一A一A式，两种重叠的方式 数量重叠式的作用。 Namely, “yi” A “yi” A. There are two ways of overlap. The function of overlap of quantity
（1）作定语。 (1) Used as attributes
数量重叠式的主要语法功能是做定语 表示事物存在的方式，有描写的色彩。 The main grammaticalfunction of the overlappingof quantity is to be used as attributivesreferring tothe form of existence of things,with a style of description.
那么做定语啊，一般要带 "的" 例如，我们来看一下，第一个例子：他从包里掏出 一块一块的巧克力。
The “de” is required after it, when it is used as a attribute.
For example, he takes a stick of chocolate from his bag.
那么这个 "一块一块" 什么意思呢？ 实际上是说，这个巧克力是成块状的 就是块的样子。
What does the “yi kuai yi kuai” (a stick of) mean?
It means that the shape of chocolate is “kuai” (block).
第二个例子：从飞机上看下去，一条条的河流 就像一根根细线。 Example two: looking down from the plane, “yi tiao tiao” (a) river is like “yi gen gen” (a) thin line.
那么这个 "一条条" 是什么意思呢？就是这个河流是成条状 What does the “yi tiao tiao” mean? It means that the shape of river is bar.
这个 "细线" 呢是成根，根状 The shape of thin line is “gen”.
所以呢表示的这个河流和细线的这个样子和方式 （2）做状语。 Therefore, they represent the shape and way of rivers and thin lines (2) used as adverbials
数量重叠式啊也可以做状语 但是意思就发生变化，它表示什么呢？"逐一" The overlap of quantity can also be used as adverbials. However, it has different meanings. What does it represent? “zhu yi” (one by one)
或者 "重复" 等意思 我们来看一下具体的例子。 or “chong fu” (repetition) let us take a look at some specific examples.
比如说第一个例子：书要一本一本地看 这个 "一本一本" Example one: books shall be read “yi ben yi ben” (one by one). What dose the “yi ben yi ben”
是什么意思呢？它不是每一本 也不是说表示书的样子，而是说什么呢？ mean? It does not represent the meaning of every book and the shape of books. It represents
"逐本逐本" 地看，"逐一"的意思 第二个，我一遍一遍地写这些汉字 “zhu ben zhu ben” or “zhu yi” (one by one). Example two, I write these Chinese characters over and over again.
那实际上这个 "一遍一遍" 什么意思呢？是表示 "重复"、 "多遍"。 What does the “yi bian yi bian” (over and over again) mean? “repetition”, “many times”
（2）做主语 重叠式也可以做主语，表示 （2）used as subjects overlap can also be used as a subject, referring to
"每一""每一" 的意思，有描写的色彩。 “mei yi” (every one), with the style of description
我们看一下第一个例子：这些书 一本本又厚又重。 Let us take a look at the first example: “ yi ben ben” (every one) of these books is thick and heavy.
那么这个 "一本本" 什么意思呢？就是 "每一本" 的意思 "每一本" 的意思。 What does the “yi ben ben” mean? “mei yi ben” (every book)
第二个是什么？一排一排全是新房子 这个 "一排一排" 就是 "每一排"，所以它有什么呢？
What is the second? “yi pai yi pai”(each row) of them is new house. The
“yi pai yi pai” refers to “mei yi pai” (each row). therefore, it represents
"每一" 的意思 但是这有描写，有描写的色彩 二. the meaning of “mei yi” (every one), with the style of description II.
数量做状语带 "地" 问题 （一）"数词+量词" 做状语，不带 "地"。 The quantity which is used as adverbials with “de” (-ly) (I) “numerals + quantifiers” which is used as adverbials without “de” (-ly)
比如说我们看第一个例子：弟弟 一口就把一个饺子全吃了。 Let us have a look at the first example: the brother took a mouthful of dumpling.
这个 "一口" 是数量，但是它做的是状语 表示什么呢？这个动作的方式。 The “yi kou” (a mouthful of ) is quantity and used as a adverbial. What does it refer to? The way of the action.
第二个例子：警察一把 抓住了那个人。 Example two: the police got hold of the person by hand.
那个 "一把" 是什么呢？也是一种状语，它是也是 表示动作的方式。 What is the “yi ba”? a adverbial referring to the way of the action.
那么我们看得出来 "一口"、 "一把" 后面都是没有这个 "地" You can see that there is no “de” (-ly) after the words of “yi kou” and “yi ba”.
不能用 "地" The “de” (-ly) is not allowed here.
（二）数量重叠式做状语可以带 "地"，也可以不带 (II) the “de” (-ly) is freely used when the overlap of quantity is used as adverbials.
比如说我们看第一个例子：路要一步一步（地）走 我们也可以说 "路要一步一步走" 也可以。
Example one: you can “yi bu yi bu de zou”(walk step by step).
The expression of that you can “yi bu yi bu zou” (walk step by step) is also okay.
这个 "地" 啊可以用，也可以不用 这是什么呢？为什么？它是 "一步一步" 是一个数量重叠的 数量重叠的重叠式。
The “de” (-ly) here is freely used. Why?
The “yi bu yi bu” is a overlap of quantity.
第二个：时间一天天过去了，我们也可以说，时间 一天天地过去了，圣诞节很快就要到了。 Example two: time flies “yi tian tian” (day by day). We can also say that time flies “yi tian tian de” (day by day), and Christmas is coming soon.
那这个 "一天天" 后面可以有 "地" 啊，也可以是没有 "地"，都可以，都可以 The “de” is freely used after the “yi tian tian”. it is okay whether there is “de” or not.
好，今天的课我们就结束了，谢谢！ OK,that's all for today.Thank you!
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